Thi công mặt nền sàn bằng granito

 Granito là phương pháp dùng hỗn hợp vữa xi măng, bột đá CaCO3 có nhiều cỡ hạt và màu tạo thành nhiều màu sắc, vân thớ tùy theo ý muốn, có hiệu quả trang trí rất tốt. Kẻ ô trên nền sàn granito không những có tác dụng chống nứt nền sàn khi nhiệt độ thay đổi, mà còn tạo điều kiện để tổ hợp trang trí.
Kích thước chia ô granito tuỳ theo không gian từng phòng. Nếu chia ô quá lớn sẽ tạo cảm giác chặt hẹp, thường phân ô nhỏ hơn 500mm, nhưng cũng nên căn cứ vào màu sắc, vân thớ tổ hợp granitô để mang lại cảm giác phong phú.

Kiểu phân ô đơn nguyên tạo cảm giác liên tục, đây là cách phân ô theo chiều ngang thích họp với các phòng ngắn, tạo cảm giác chiều ngang căn phòng rộng ra.
Kiểu phân ô xiên tạo cảm giác sống động; kiểu phân ô hình chữ nhật tạo cảm giác yên tĩnh, thâm trầm; kiểu phân ô vòng cung tạo cảm giác nhu hoà.
Kiểu phân ô là chìa khóa thiết kế hình thức trang trí granito. Khi thi công granitô có thể phối hợp nhiều màu tạo sự biến hoá màu sắc mặt granito, nhưng cần có một màu cá biệt để bảo đảm sự hoàn chỉnh màu sắc mặt nền sàn. Trong phối liệu vữa granito có thể dùng bột đá CaCO3 nhiều cỡ hạt, nhiều màu sắc để mặt granito có màu sắc, vân thớ phong phú. Thường phân ô bằng dây đồng, dây thép hoặc dây nhựa. Thường dùng đá bạch vân, đá cẩm thạch v.v… Vật liệu màu thường dùng loại màu chất khoáng, hay màu vô ca bền ánh sáng và bền kiềm. Bột màu nhỏ hơn 12% trọng lượng xi măng.

Nếu dùng xi măng màu thì trộn với hạt đá CaCO3. Trước hết, sửa phổng và đánh xàm nền sàn bê tông, tưới nước dưỡng hộ 2 – 3 ngày, sau đó thi công granito. Đối với lớp vữa xi măng cũ, thì phải cọ rửa sạch, sửa phẳng dùng vữa xi măng keo theo tỷ lệ keo; xi măng: nước (1:5:1) trát phẳng những chỗ vã lỗ, nếu mặt vữa xi măng trơn nhẵn thì phải đánh xờn để tăng độ dính kết.
Rửa sạch hạt đá, lọc bỏ hết tạp chất. Một lần trộn đủ lượng vữa làm granito, tránh pha trộn nhiều lần sẽ làm biến màu granito. Căng dây tạo ô trên nền xi măng mới, với nền xi măng cũ trước khi tạo ô cần trát một lớp vữa xi măng.
Mặt vữa xi măng đá cao hơn dây phân ô 5mm, sau khi đầm nén mặt vữa còn cao l-2mm .Nếu dây phân ô cao hơn mặt vữa thì dây phân ô sẽ bị hỏng. Sau khi trải vữa xi măng đá 24 giờ bắt đầu tưới nước dưỡng hộ và có thể đi lại trên lớp vữa.

Thời gian mài granito quyết định bởi các yếu tố khí hậu, mác xi măng v.v… Thông thường, mùa hè chờ sau 1- 2 ngày, mùa đông chờ sau 4 – 5 ngày. Trước tiên nên mài thử, nếu hạt đá vân bám cứng thì có thể bắt đầu mài granito, chú ý không nên để quá lâu, vì khi một vữa đã khô cứng, thì rất khó mài. Đầu tiên dùng cát cỡ 60 – 80 mài rối, mài đến khi nổi mặt viên đá thì dừng lại, ba bốn ngày sau dùng cát cỡ 100 – 120 mài tiếp lần thứ hai. Sau khi mài xong trát thêm một lớp vữa xi măng, sau 24 giờ bắt đầu tưới nước dưỡng hộ. Chờ sau 2-3 ngày dùng cát mịn cỡ 180 – 200 mài rối. Cuối cùng dùng đá mài mịn cỡ 280 mài bóng.
Công việc cuối cùng là đánh sáp bóng mặt granito, chờ mặt sàn granito hoàn toàn khô bắt đầu đánh sáp bóng, chà sau 1-2 giờ là có thể sử dụng được 

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